1. Introduction to Unix:
    • Unix is a powerful and versatile operating system known for its command-line interface (CLI) and multitasking capabilities.
    • Key features of Unix include file management, process control, networking, and security.
  2. Terminal and Shell:
    • Unix commands are executed in a terminal, which provides a text-based interface.
    • The terminal runs a shell, such as Bash (Bourne Again SHell), where you type commands.
  3. Navigating the File System:
    • Use the ls command to list files and directories in the current location.
    • Use cd to change directories (e.g., cd /path/to/directory).
    • Use pwd to print the current working directory.
  4. File and Directory Operations:
    • Create a new directory: mkdir directory_name.
    • Create a new empty file: touch file_name.
    • Copy files/directories: cp source destination.
    • Move files/directories: mv source destination.
    • Remove files: rm file_name.
    • Remove directories: rm -r directory_name (be cautious with this command).
  5. Working with Files:
    • View file content: cat file_name or less file_name.
    • Edit files: Use the text editor vi or nano (e.g., nano file_name).
  6. Redirection and Pipes:
    • Redirect output: Use > to overwrite and >> to append (e.g., echo "Hello" > output.txt).
    • Redirect input: Use < to read from a file (e.g., cat < input.txt).
    • Use pipes | to send the output of one command as input to another (e.g., ls | grep keyword).
  7. File Permissions:
    • Use chmod to change file permissions (e.g., chmod 755 file_name).
    • Permissions are represented as three sets of characters: owner, group, and others (e.g., rwxr-xr-x).
  8. Process Management:
    • View running processes: ps or top.
    • Terminate a process: kill PID (replace PID with the process ID).
  9. User Management:
    • Add a user: sudo adduser username.
    • Delete a user: sudo deluser username.
    • Change user: su username.
  10. Package Management (Linux-specific):
    • Package managers install and manage software packages on Linux.
    • Common package managers include apt (Ubuntu, Debian), yum (Red Hat, CentOS), and dnf (Fedora).
  11. Getting Help:
    • Use man to access the manual pages for commands (e.g., man ls).
    • Online resources like tutorials and forums are valuable for learning Unix.

Remember, Unix has a vast array of commands and features beyond what’s covered here. This tutorial provides a foundation for getting started, but continued learning and practice will help you become proficient in Unix. Good luck!